Iron is necessary for bacterial survival
Dr, Haya Friedman, Fe-Free
Many serious diseases result from antibiotic-resistant bacteria, like Prosthetic Joint infection (PJI), Cystic Fibrosis (CF), or chronic wound
infections, and even cancer (El Tekle, Andreeva et al. 2024). One of the reasons for persistent antibiotic-resistant infection is caused by
bacterial biofilm. The biofilm is a colony embedded in secretions of various molecules, creating a "shield" against the immune system and the
penetration of antibiotics to the vicinity of the bacteria.
Bacteria, like other organisms, need iron for their metabolic processes. Iron exists in nature mainly as ores, but it also exists as Ferrous (Fe+2)
or Ferric (Fe+3) ions. The concentration of free iron available for microbial use in natural environments is deficient and is around 1 × 10−18
mol/L, compared to the 1 × 10−6mol/L required by most microbes. Hence, bacteria developed intricate mechanisms to absorb iron from the
surroundings. There is multiple evidence showing that iron is necessary for biofilm formation and maintenance. Depletion of iron can reduce
biofilm. The fact that bacteria produce specific molecules (siderophores) that can bind iron and facilitate its entry also supports the necessity
of iron for survival (Xie, Wei et al. 2024). Additional support for the importance of iron to bacterial growth comes from the existence of an
innate host mechanism (Hypoferremia) that reduces iron levels upon bacterial infection (Ganz and Nemeth 2024).
REFERENCES
El Tekle, G., et al. (2024). "The role of the microbiome in the etiopathogenesis of colon cancer." Annual Review of Physiology 86(1): 453-478.
Ganz, T. and E. Nemeth (2024). "Hypoferremia of inflammation: Innate host defense against infections." Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases
104:102777.
Xie, B., et al. (2024). "Exploring the biological pathways of siderophores and their multidisciplinary applications: A comprehenisve review."
Molecules 29(10): 2318.